In response to the current frigid conditions sweeping the state, the Alabama Department of Public Health is urging the public to remain vigilant and take extra precautions to protect against the dangers of hypothermia and frostbite.

Recognizing the severity of extremely cold weather, health officials emphasize the importance of recognizing early warning signs and symptoms associated with these cold-related medical emergencies.

Hypothermia, a critical medical condition that can lead to fatality, occurs when the body's core temperature falls below 95 degrees Fahrenheit—just a few degrees below the normal body temperature. The human body, when exposed to cold temperatures, begins to lose heat faster than it can generate it.

Frostbite, an injury commonly affecting exposed skin such as the cheeks, nose, ears, hands, and feet, is characterized by early warning signs like numbness, loss of feeling, or a stinging sensation. Immediate action is crucial in suspected cases of frostbite to prevent further harm, including removing the person from the cold and slowly warming the affected area without rubbing, as rubbing can damage the skin. If numbness persists, seeking emergency care is imperative.

Recognizing the signs and symptoms of hypothermia is crucial for prompt intervention:

For Adults:

• Shivering
• Exhaustion or extreme fatigue
• Confusion
• Fumbling hands
• Memory loss
• Slurred speech
• Drowsiness

For Babies:

• Bright red, cold skin
• Very low energy

Indications of frostbite include:

• A white or grayish-yellow skin area
• Skin that feels unusually firm or waxy
• Numbness

In situations where immediate medical assistance is unavailable, individuals are advised to take the following steps to warm the affected person:

• Move the person into a warm room or shelter.
• Remove any wet clothing the person is wearing.
• Warm the center of the person's body—chest, neck, head, and groin—using an electric blanket, if available. Skin-to-skin contact under loose, dry layers of blankets, clothing, towels, or sheets is also effective.
• Warm drinks can aid in increasing body temperature, but alcoholic drinks should be avoided. Do not attempt to give beverages to an unconscious person.
• After raising body temperature, ensure the person remains dry and wrap their body, including the head and neck, in a warm blanket.
• Seek proper medical attention as soon as possible.

Preventive measures and additional information on hypothermia and frostbite care can be found at www.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/staysafe/hypothermia.html.